![]() Solar energy can be utilize to power a system located far from the electricity sources such a mobile tower applied in open-pit mining in PT Bukit Asam Tbk. Therefore, this study shows that the application of solar-tracker is not necessary for PV panels in Palembang, due to the average maximal power achieved from 11 AM to 02 PM every day. Experiment results show that the fixed panel has more energy production with the average percentage of final yield is 3.3% and capacity factor is 13.6%, while the PV panels with solar-tracker have the average final yield of 2.3% and capacity factor of 9.6%. The performance analysis is including final yield, reference yield and performance ratio. This paper discussed the performance comparison of the fixed panel and solar-tracking solar panel application for the PV system in PT. ![]() Pertamina (Persero) RU-III Plaju installed a 3 x 3000 WP PV system to supply the managerial building, and this PV system is considered a research device to develop the possibility of substituting the conventional energy with renewable energy. Pertamina (Persero) RU-III Plaju as a state-owned enterprise is committed taking the active role in supporting the government in the campaign of using renewable energy in generating electricity. This unlimited source or self-renewable is called renewable energy. This condition urges all the countries in the world to search for other alternatives of energy generation and the desired one is the one with unlimited sources. All MOSFETS need is a voltage level on their gate.Energy generation by conventional energy has been an issue in many countries due to more demands and less supply and getting lesser by the years. Usually, a transistor requires 1/20 to 1/30 of the collector current to be in saturation. This does not translate to common BJTs, which have "gain" and "saturation" statistics instead. MOSFETs have a huge advantage in their low Rds(on) statistics. ![]() This effectively prevents the "shoot-through" condition. This usually results in blown transistors/MOSFETS, but can also result in the primary supply self-destructing due to the overload.ĭedicated H-bridge controllers have built-in circuits to cause what is known as a "dead time" delay that means that both the upper and lower sides of the H-bridge are turned completely off for a brief period before one side or the other side is turned on. If both the high side and low side of an H-bridge are on simultaneously, the result is commonly known as "shoot-through", or a dead short across the power supply. This can have disastrous implications in power control circuitry. ![]() The consequence of this delay is that for a fraction of a second when the input signal level is changed, the output will not reflect the change in the input signal. This delay may be anywhere from the nanosecond to the millisecond range. The TIP120 doesn't have an integral diode - but I didn't have one in my library.Įven though I can't read the values on your schematic, I can make out the logic symbols.Īll logic gates have what is called a "propagation delay". It LOOKS like there is a diode in the TIP120 - but actually, the model I used is a TIP141, not a TIP120. The diode becomes forward biased, and gives the inductive load a current path. But, if you happen to have 470pF handy, use that. Somewhere between 330pF and 1nF ceramic disc capacitor is usually good enough. C1 takes some time to charge, so it basically slows the rising edge of the reverse EMF spike, giving the diode more time to conduct. Without C1, the peak voltage could build up quite high before the diode had a chance to conduct. It's attached so that it will only conduct when the polarity across the load is reversed. The 1N5401 is a 100v 3A diode they're even available at Radio Shack. ![]() These peak voltages will kill semiconductors in an instant. What happens is that the voltage polarity across the coil reverses, and the voltage peaks can be extremely high if they are not clamped or snubbed. When you suddenly cut off current to an inductive load, the inductor's magnetic field collapses the current tries to keep going, but it can't. One thing I didn't really explain - if you're going to be driving inductive loads (eg:coils) then you really need to have EMF protection diodes (sometimesm called "flywheel diodes") to keep the transistors from getting fried. ![]()
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